Standing before the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, "St. Elmo's Fire" screenwriter Carl Kurlander recounts how his Grandpa Jack, in the middle of the Great Depression, bet everything on a coin-operated phonograph — realizing that while no one had money for records, everyone had a nickel to play their favorite song. Jack helped kickstart the careers of stars like Frank Sinatra and Harry Belafonte and, along with his fellow Cleveland coin men, promoted the music of Black artists that radio stations refused to play — music that first became known there as "rock and roll." But as the jukebox became a symbol of America's twin evils — juvenile delinquency and organized crime — a young Robert F. Kennedy, working for the Senate hearings on organized crime, targeted Jack and his associates as a front for the mob. Today, as AI algorithms pick songs for young people to listen to, "Jack and the Jukebox" reminds us of the community this forgotten marvel of art and technology — the "Spotify of its day" — once built, and how it changed the way Americans listened to music and the music we listened to.
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